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: Effective training includes squats and rhythmic jumping exercises to build explosive leg power.

: A standard two-step approach is typically used. The first step sets the direction, while the second, wider step gathers power. Arms are swung back during the second step to prepare for the upward launch. : Effective training includes squats and rhythmic jumping

: The primary physical action used for spiking and blocking. Arms are swung back during the second step

To master elevation over the net, athletes focus on the following core mechanics: At the peak, the arm straightens at the

: During the jump, the leading arm is pulled back and up. At the peak, the arm straightens at the elbow to strike the ball with a tense palm, transferring maximum power.

Defending against an opponent's spike by creating a "wall" with the hands. Vertical leap with extended arms over the net.

refers to the vertical elevation or jumping action in volleyball required to perform offensive and defensive maneuvers high above the net. Key Technical Components