The slow decline of the Ottoman Empire (the "Sick Man of Europe") and the internal tensions within the Austro-Hungarian Empire as ethnic minorities sought self-determination. 3. The Industrial Revolution and Social Change
The creation of the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance , which turned a regional conflict in the Balkans into a global tragedy. Istoria Europei vol. IV
The emergence of the working class (proletariat) and the birth of socialist and Marxist ideologies as a response to industrial exploitation. The slow decline of the Ottoman Empire (the
A pivotal moment where revolutionary fervor swept across the continent, signaling the definitive end of the absolute monarchical system and the rise of democratic aspirations. 2. The Rise of Nation-States The emergence of the working class (proletariat) and
Masterminded by Otto von Bismarck through "blood and iron," leading to the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871.
The authors detail how Europe became the "workshop of the world," leading to unprecedented economic growth but also deep social fractures.
A conservative effort to maintain the status quo and prevent future uprisings.