Hate ✓

: Any form of expression intended to vilify, humiliate, or incite hatred against a group based on protected characteristics. It often relies on a "we vs. they" contrast and stereotypes.

While "hate" is an emotion, in public policy and law it is categorized by specific actions motivated by bias against "identity factors" like race, religion, sexual orientation, disability, or nationality.

: Younger adults (18-34) are significantly more likely (49%) to encounter online hate than older adults. : Any form of expression intended to vilify,

Online hate has surged, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, driven by misinformation and social media algorithms that often amplify hateful content.

This report examines the definitions, impacts, and reporting mechanisms related to "hate," focusing on hate speech, hate incidents, and hate crimes. 1. Defining "Hate" in Social & Legal Contexts While "hate" is an emotion, in public policy

More Complete Information Needed about Hate Crimes ... - GAO

: Criminal acts (e.g., assault, vandalism, murder) where the perpetrator is motivated by bias. In the U.S., a hate crime occurs nearly every hour based on FBI data . 2. The Rising Digital Dimension This report examines the definitions, impacts, and reporting

: One in three adults reported seeing online hate in the past year, and 18% personally experienced it.