: While republishing an entire paper is a clear violation, reusing technical descriptions in a "Method" section is often seen as necessary for consistency.
: Digital communication allows for "indirection," where a speaker addresses one audience with the primary goal of being overheard by another, often to mislead or manipulate public perception. II. Duplicity in Research: The Ethics of "Text Recycling" Duplicity
Duplicity, the act of deceptive double-dealing or "doubleness" of thought, has long been a fixture of human interaction. From the Machiavellian schemes of Shakespeare’s Iago to the tactical indirection of modern political soundbites, humans have a storied history of saying one thing while meaning another. However, the rise of digital platforms and generative AI has fundamentally altered the scale and nature of these deceptions. This paper explores how duplicity manifests in online behaviors, the ethical "recycling" of academic work, and the emerging threat of AI-driven deception. I. The Psychology of Online Duplicity : While republishing an entire paper is a