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Female sex, age, family history, flat feet (pes planus), and chronic wearing of narrow-toed, high-heeled shoes.

Patients typically present with pain over the medial bony prominence (bunion), worsened by footwear pressure, and sometimes associated with bursitis. Radiographic Metrics (Weight-bearing): Hallux Valgus Angle (HVA): Normal 40∘is greater than 40 raised to the composed with power Intermetatarsal Angle (IMA): Normal <9∘is less than 9 raised to the composed with power (between 1st and 2nd metatarsal shafts). Download Hallux valgus pdf

Treatment depends on symptom severity rather than the magnitude of the deformity alone. 4.1. Conservative Treatment Female sex, age, family history, flat feet (pes

Hallux valgus (HV) is a complex, three-dimensional, progressive forefoot deformity characterized by medial deviation of the first metatarsal and lateral deviation of the hallux. It is a common condition, often associated with pain, reduced walking ability, and pressure on the lesser toes. This paper reviews the pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, conservative management strategies, and various surgical interventions aimed at correcting the deformity and relieving symptoms. 1. Introduction followed by radiographic verification.

Hallux Valgus: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Measured using the longitudinal axes of the first metatarsal and proximal phalanx. 4. Management Strategies

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on visual assessment of the deformity and patient symptoms, followed by radiographic verification.