They are susceptible to "squirm" (buckling) if internal pressure exceeds design limits. Corrosion near welding points is also a common failure point.

Multi-ply designs offer a better fatigue life than single-ply versions.

Because "bellows" can refer to several different things, here are reviews for the most common interpretations: the industrial component, the photographic accessory, and the horror video game.

In engineering, bellows are convoluted shells that compress or extend to handle pressure or thermal expansion in piping systems.

They are excellent for absorbing vibration and multi-directional movement, especially in high-pressure or nuclear environments.