Antonio Gramsci -

: Institutions like schools, churches, and media spread the values of the dominant class, making them appear natural and inevitable.

: The process by which a ruling class maintains power not through force, but by shaping the "common sense" of society. Antonio Gramsci

: He argued the state uses "political society" (police/army) for coercion and "civil society" (culture/religion) to gain spontaneous consent. : Institutions like schools, churches, and media spread

Gramsci’s most famous contribution is the theory of . Gramsci’s most famous contribution is the theory of

Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937) was an Italian Marxist philosopher, journalist, and politician who remains one of the most influential political theorists of the 20th century. As a founding member and leader of the Communist Party of Italy, he was imprisoned by Benito Mussolini’s fascist regime in 1926. During his eleven years in prison, he produced his most significant work, the Prison Notebooks ( Quaderni del carcere ), which comprises over 3,000 pages of reflections on history, culture, and political strategy. 🏛️ Cultural Hegemony